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reasoning\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u673a\u68b0\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\uff0c\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u7684\u300a\u51e0\u4f55\u539f\u672c\u300b\u548c\u82b1\u524c\u5b50\u6a21\u7684\u300a\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u53e4\u5178\u4f20\u7edf\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u96c6\u5927\u6210\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5c\u8bcd\u9879\u903b\u8f91\uff08Term Logic\uff09\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5f52\u7eb3\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u516c\u5f0f\u5316\uff08\u673a\u68b0\u5316\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\u7684\u6050\u6015\u662f\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u3002\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u7684\u300a\u51e0\u4f55\u539f\u672c\u300b\u786e\u7acb\u5e76\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\u5728\u82b1\u524c\u5b50\u6a21\u7684\u300a\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u9a6c\u7565\u5361\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u67f3\u5229\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65e0\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5f0f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8111\u6d1e\u5de8\u5927\u53c8\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f69\u670d\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u67f3\u5229\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u540e\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u5179\uff0c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u548c\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u7b49\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u7406\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4ee3\u6570\u6216\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u63a8\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08reason is nothing but reckoning\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u5179\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u666e\u9002\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u63a8\u7406\u89c4\u7ea6\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4e89\u8fa9\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3aAI\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9898\u5916\u8bdd\uff1a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u897f\u65b9\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5929\u624d\u4eec\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u8bbe\u60f3\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u666e\u901a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u4e25\u683c\u800c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u3001\u5f17\u96f7\u683c\u3001\u7f57\u7d20\u548c\u76ae\u4e9a\u8bfa\u7b49\u4eba\u521b\u7acb\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6570\u5b66\u201d\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u4ee3\u6570\u3002\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u53ef\u88ab\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u5143\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u822c\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5bf9\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5408\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u65e2\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u53c8\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u3001\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u3001\u963f\u9686\u4f50\u00b7\u90b1\u5947\u3001\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9999\u519c\u3001\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u5c3c\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7855\u679c\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7740\u91cd\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53c8\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u597d\u50cf\u547c\u4e4b\u6b32\u51fa\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e03\u5c14\u548c\u6208\u7279\u6d1b\u5e03\u00b7\u5f17\u96f7\u683c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f2f\u7279\u5170\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u8bfa\u601d\u00b7\u6000\u7279\u9ed1\u5fb7\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u5c31\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u541120\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u80fd\u5426\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u63a8\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316?\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u56de\u7b54\u7531\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u59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thesis\uff09\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u4ec5\u80fd\u5904\u74060\u548c1\u8fd9\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u4e8c\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b66\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7075\u611f\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u9020\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u7b26\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u521b\u9020\u6fc0\u53d1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u601d\u8003\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u5947\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u968f\u7740\u5f53\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u540c\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8ba9\u4eba\u8361\u6c14\u56de\u80a0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b55\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u56db\u5341\u548c\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u9884\u793a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u8111\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u8def\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u8111\u662f\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u6fc0\u52b1\u7535\u5e73\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u6709\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7535\u7f51\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9999\u519c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08\u5373\u5168\u6709\u6216\u5168\u65e0\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u601d\u8003\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u90a3\u6279\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021943 \u5e74\uff0cWalter Pitts \u548c Warren McCulloch \u5206\u6790\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u5de5\u7535\u5b50\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u53d7\u5230\u76ae\u8328\u548c\u9ea6\u5361\u6d1b\u514b\u542f\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u57281951\u5e74\uff08\u4e0e Dean Edmonds\uff09\u4ed6\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u673a\u5668 SNARC\u3002\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1950\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\uff08Computing Machinery and Intelligence\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u667a\u5730\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7740\u91cd\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u4f20\u6253\u5b57\u673a\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8bf4\u8be5\u673a\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u201c\u601d\u8003\u201d\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u672c\u4f7f\u56fe\u7075\u80fd\u591f\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8bba\u8bc1\u201c\u601d\u8003\u673a\u5668\u201d\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u5bf9\u8be5\u547d\u9898\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe\u7075\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u76f4\u51fb\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u53c8\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u7e41\u4e3a\u7b80\u7684\u795e\u5947\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1951\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u96f7\u5947\u4f7f\u7528\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u7684Ferranti Mark 1\u673a\u5668\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u6d0b\u8df3\u68cb\uff08checkers\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u8fea\u7279\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u666e\u6797\u8328\uff08Dietrich Prinz\uff09\u5219\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%B2#cite_note-32\">[<\/a><\/sup>\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u674e\u00b7\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\uff08Arthur Samuel\uff09\u5728\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u548c\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u68cb\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6218\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e1a\u4f59\u7231\u597d\u8005\u3002\u6e38\u620f\u7c7b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8bc4\u4ef7AI\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u7eb5\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u7eb5\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u5efa\u601d\u7ef4\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u7ebd\u5384\u5c14\u548c\u540e\u6765\u8363\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u5728J. C. Shaw\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff08Logic Theorist\uff09\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4e2d\u524d52\u4e2a\u5b9a\u7406\u4e2d\u768438\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u6bd4\u539f\u8457\u66f4\u52a0\u65b0\u9896\u548c\u7cbe\u5de7\u3002Simon\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u5fc3\/\u8eab\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u52d2\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u5177\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6765\u5230\u5173\u952e\u6027\u76841956\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u3001\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u5185\u68ee\u00b7\u7f57\u5207\u65af\u7279\u3001\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9999\u519c\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u590f\u5b63\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u53ec\u96c6\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7531\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521 (John McCarthy) \u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u516d\u5230\u516b\u5468\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u6b21\u5934\u8111\u98ce\u66b4\u4f1a\u8bae\u30021955\u5e749\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56db\u4eba\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u63d0\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae 1956 \u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5728\u65b0\u7f55\u5e03\u4ec0\u5c14\u5dde\u6c49\u8bfa\u5a01\u7684\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u4e3a\u671f 2 \u4e2a\u6708\u3001\u7531 10 \u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u667a\u529b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u673a\u5668\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5b83\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfb\u627e\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u5728\u7559\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u8fdb\u81ea\u8eab\u3002 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u4f1a\u8bae\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u50ac\u751f\u5e76\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u8ba9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u641c\u7d22\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u8fdc\u8d85\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63a8\u7406\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5148\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u679c\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u63a8\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u5f0f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5373\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u5de8\u5927\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\u8ff7\u5bab\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8def\u7ebf\u968f\u7740\u95ee\u9898\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u6210\u6307\u6570\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fc5\u901f\u6392\u9664\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u827e\u502b\u00b7\u7d10\u5384\u723e\u548c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u201c\u901a\u7528\u89e3\u9898\u5668\uff08General Problem Solver\uff09\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b97\u6cd5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5409\u4f26\u7279\uff08Herbert Gelernter\uff09\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5b9a\u7406\u8bc1\u660e\u673a\u90fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u57281956\u5e74\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u915d\u917f\u671f\u3002\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6295\u5165\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u52301970\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u671f\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u81ea\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\uff08symbolic\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u7387\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d3e\uff08stochastic\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u6069\uff0c\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u8bfa\u59c6\u00b7\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u628a\u4ed6\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u628a\u4ed6\u770b\u4f5c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u4ed6\u57281956\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u65e0\u5173\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u30021957\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u8fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1948\u5e74\u9999\u519c\u628a\u79bb\u6563\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u628a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u201c\u71b5\u201d(entropy)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u7528\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6982\u7387\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6982\u7387\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6d3e\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4f46\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\u66f4\u83b7\u5f97\u9752\u7750\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u9b4f\u68ee\u9c8d\u59c6\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u804a\u5929\u673a\u5668\u4ebaELIZA\u3002\u4e0eELIZA\u201c\u804a\u5929\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aELIZA\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u5957\u8def\u4f5c\u7b54\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7b26\u5408\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u590d\u8ff0\u4e00\u904d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u5df4\u7279\uff08Frank Rosenblatt\uff09\u4e8e1958\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5668\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u5668\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5f88\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\u548c\u8054\u7ed3\u6d3e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\uff0c\u6ce2\u52a8\u8bf4\u5bf9\u5e94\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u6216\u8bb8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u666e\u904d\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u3002\u6bd4\u5982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1958\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u7ebd\u5384\u5c14\u548c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u9884\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u4e16\u754c\u51a0\u519b\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c06\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u7406\u201d- \u8fd9\u4e2a\u81f3\u4eca\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u76f4\u8981\u52301997\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531IBM\u7684\u6df1\u84dd\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u51a0\u519b\u5361\u65af\u5e15\u7f57\u592b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u665a\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7b97\u592a\u79bb\u8c31\u3002\u4f46\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1965\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u53c8\u9884\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5c06\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4eba\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201d- 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problems<\/strong>\uff09\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6846\u67b6\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u6307\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6539\u53d8\u54ea\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u3002<strong>\u8d44\u683c\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5217\u51fa<em>\u6240\u6709<\/em>\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u9884\u793a\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u6f14\u7b97\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f02\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u65b0\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u975e\u5355\u8c03\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6a21\u6001\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u62e8\u6b3e\u7684\u505c\u6ede\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9053\u7406\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5362\u5361\u65af\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u5b9a\u7406\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e9b\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u5236\u4f5c\u6c38\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u504f\u4e0d\u4fe1\u90aa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fee\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5fb7\u96f7\u798f\u65af\uff08Hubert Dreyfus\uff09\u8bbd\u6279\u8bc4\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a8\u7406\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5c11\u91cf\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\uff0c\u4e0b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u7a8d\u95e8\uff08know how\uff09\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u52d2\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e2d\u6587\u623f\u95f4\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u5b83\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u610f\u5411\u6027\uff08intentionality\uff09\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e0c\u723e\u52d2\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b26\u53f7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u800c\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5728\u201c\u601d\u8003\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u6e29\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u514b\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u8d44\u683c\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5373\u7b26\u53f7\u903b\u8f91\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u5b9a\u7406\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5e0c\u5c14\u52d2\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u6700\u597d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u5b9a\u524d\u4eba\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u7dad\u68ee\u9b91\u59c6\u540e\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003AI\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u57281976\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\u906d\u53d7\u51b7\u843d\u30021969\u5e74\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u897f\u6469\u00b7\u5e15\u4f69\u7279\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u611f\u77e5\u5668\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6697\u793a\u611f\u77e5\u5668\u5177\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u7f57\u68ee\u5df4\u7279\u5728\u300a\u611f\u77e5\u5668\u300b\u95ee\u4e16\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u505c\u6ede\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7b80\u7ea6\u6d3e\uff08the neats\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u679c\u5c31\u662fProlog\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Prolog\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u8c13\u8bcd\u903b\u8f91\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u79d1\u74e6\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u57281972\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u3002Prolog\u66fe\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u9762\u3002Prolog\u4e5f\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Prolog\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u6b62\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u7b49\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6d3e\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u829c\u6742\u6d3e\uff08the scruffies\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u7b80\u7ea6\u6d3e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u95f5\u65af\u57fa\uff0cSeymour Papert\u548cRoger Schank\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u95f5\u65af\u57fa\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Schank\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86scripts\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u79cd\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u201c\u6846\u67b6\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7ee7\u627f\uff08inheritance\uff09\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u518d\u6b21\u7e41\u8363<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1980\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7e41\u8363\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u89e3\u51b3\u9886\u57df\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u52a0\u4e0a\u63a8\u7406\u673a\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5e38\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53c8\u4f7f\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\u5de8\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u8fc4\u4eca\u8fd8\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u9020\u51fa\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4eba\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u50cf\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u4ee4\u201c\u829c\u6742\u6d3e\u201d\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u7528Prolog\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u70b9\u9519\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u6811\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u505a\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86Internet\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5148\u950b\u548c\u9738\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u662f\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6John Hopfield\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u73b0\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cHopfield\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u540c\u65f6\uff08\u65e9\u4e8ePaul Werbos\uff09\uff0cDavid Rumelhart\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u4f7f1970\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u906d\u4eba\u9057\u5f03\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\u91cd\u83b7\u65b0\u751f\u30021986\u5e74\u7531Rumelhart\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6James McClelland\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u201c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u201d\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f4e\u8c37\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e4b\u51ac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u8ffd\u6367\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4f4e\u8c37\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u4f30\u8ba1\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e4b\u51ac\/AI Winter\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u52301987\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u786c\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u4e0b\u8dcc\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4ebaPC\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u800c\u5f88\u591a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d39\u7528\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u5373\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8eaf\u4f53\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u90a3\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u8bc6\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u7b49\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u7b49\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u6700\u65e0\u804a\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u514b\u6096\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e94\u8be5\u81ea\u5e95\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u590d\u5174\u4e86\u4ece1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6c89\u5bc2\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6d41\u6d3e\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u9020\u8a63\u6df1\u539a\u7684David Marr\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u6392\u65a5\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7531\u4e0b\u5f80\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c<strong>Geoffrey Hinton<\/strong>\uff0c\u4eba\u6709\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281986\u5e74\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u5c42\u611f\u77e5\u5668\uff08MLP\uff09\u7684<strong>BP\uff08Backpropagation\uff09<\/strong>\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528<strong>Sigmoid<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6ce2\u70ed\u6f6e\u57cb\u4e0b\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1990\u5e74\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u8005Rodney Brooks\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u5927\u8c61\u4e0d\u73a9\u8c61\u68cb\/Elephants Don&#8217;t Play Chess\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u201c\u7269\u7406\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u5373\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u65e0\u7684\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u8db3\u591f\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u611f\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u5347\u5230\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u56de\u987e\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8bde\u751f\u540e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e09\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\u5728\u524d\u671f\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8d70\u9519\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u50a8\u5907\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u6709\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u95e8\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u7406\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u9610\u660e\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6982\u7387\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5904\u7406\u5f88\u591a\u667a\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u4e2d\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u82db\u523b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ecf\u5386\u5404\u79cd\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7206\u53d1\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u671f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f4e\u8c37\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u88ab\u4eba\u553e\u5f03\u7684\u62db\u724c\uff0c\u4e0d\u590d1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba9\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u7684\u98ce\u5149\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u521d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u88ab\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u575a\u6301\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u9886\u57df\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u6218\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u63a9\u9970\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u8fd1\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u66f4\u5e73\u548c\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1997\u5e745\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u6df1\u84dd\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u4e16\u754c\u51a0\u519b\u5361\u65af\u00b7\u5e15\u7f57\u592b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u5e76\u6218\u80dc\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5df2\u8fd1\u8fdc\u8fdc\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7529\u5728\u8eab\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2005\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u6c99\u6f20\u5c0f\u5f84\u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u5730\u81ea\u52a8\u884c\u9a76\u4e86131\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86DARPA\u6311\u6218\u5927\u8d5b\u5934\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2011\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u7684\u6c83\u68ee\u5728\u300a\u5371\u9669\u8fb9\u7f18\u300b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u667a\u529b\u7ade\u8d5b\u8282\u76ee\u91cc\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u9009\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2016\u5e74\uff0cAlphaGo\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u56f4\u68cb\u51a0\u519b\u674e\u4e16\u77f3\u30022017\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u756a\u8d5b\u4e2d\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u68cb\u624b\u67ef\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d6\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u5e76\u975e\u5426\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5404\u79cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u611f\u8c22\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u611f\u8c22Intel\uff0cAMD\uff0cNvida\u548c\u53f0\u79ef\u7535\u7b49\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cJudea Pearl\uff0cAlan Newell\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4ece\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u4ee3\u7406\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u4ee3\u7406\uff08rational agent\uff09\u201d\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6a21\u5757\u201d\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u4ee3\u7406\u201d\u8303\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u8ba9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u5b83\u4e3aAI\u5404\u9886\u57df\u4e43\u81f3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u7b49\u4f7f\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u4ee3\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684AI\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u8fd0\u7b79\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u95e8\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u52a9\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\u3002Judea Pearl\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e1988\u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u63a8\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\/Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference\u300b\u4e2d\u5c06\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u5f15\u5165\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u88ab\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6295\u5165\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fb9\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u9690\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u4f18\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3002Russell\u548cNorvig\uff082003\uff09\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u201c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b80\u7ea6\u6d3e\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u7269\u6d41\uff0c\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u672a\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53e6\u53d6\u5b83\u540d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u201d\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\uff0c\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u652f\u6301\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u70c2\u5927\u8857\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u91cc\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u4e48\u535a\u773c\u7403\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u501f\u7740\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\/learning\u201d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u5728\u63a8\u8fdb\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d6\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u6210\u679c\u30021989\u548c1990\u5e74\u95f4\uff0cYann LeCun \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86LeNet\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cLeNet\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1997\u5e74\uff0cSchuster \u548c Paliwal \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u5faa\u73af\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08bidirectional recurrent neural network\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2006\u5e74\uff0cGeoffrey Hinton\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Deep Belief Network\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\uff08layer-wise pretraining technique\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7531\u6b64\u7f13\u7f13\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2009\u5e74\uff0cSalakhundinov \u548c Hinton\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2012\u5e74\uff0cGeoffrey Hinton \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Dropout\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62df\u5408\uff08Overfitting\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7a33\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u65e9\u671f\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u66f4\u751a\u667a\u529b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u95f5\u65af\u57fa\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5e38\u8bc6\u63a8\u7406\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u8d44\u683c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\u6d3e\uff0c\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5907\u5b9a\u7406\u5df2\u7ecf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u81f3\u591a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216\u52a8\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6a21\u4eff\u5b83\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5584\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5feb\u8f66\u9053\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece2011\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5feb\u8f66\u9053\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u611f\u8c22\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5546\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fNvidia\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u8fd9\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u6700\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u4f53\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u548c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u201c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u201d\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u672a\u77e5\u8f93\u5165\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8054\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521dYann LeCun\u3001Yoshua Bengio \u548c Geoffrey Hinton \u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5927\u578b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u76f4\u52302011\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6570\/\u6df1\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86150\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u5237\u65b0\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u903c\u8fd1\u539f\u7406\uff08Universal approximation theorem\uff09\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u62df\u5408\u4efb\u610f\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u62df\u5408\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u62df\u5408\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u6d45\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u4f18\u70b9\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6216\u7f13\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e73\u5747\u51c6\u786e\u7387\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u624b\u5199\u6570\u5b57\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u4fe1\u53f7\u706f\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u68cb\u7c7b\u7ade\u8d5b\u548c\u6e38\u620f\u9886\u57df\u7b49\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u751a\u81f3\u8fdc\u8fdc\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5927\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u4f20\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\u6355\u83b7\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5408\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u8f6c\u3001\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f4e\u56db\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u529b\u3001\u6d1e\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\u529b\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u524d\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Reinforcement Learning\uff09\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u533a\u662f\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d34\u4e86\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u7167\u4eba\u548c\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u91cc\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5927\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u5230\u884c\u4e3a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u6709\u9650\u5956\u52b1\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u4fe1\u53f7\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u6539\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5956\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u662fAlphaZero\u51fb\u8d25AlphaGo\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0cAlphaGo\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u68cb\u7c7b\u56f4\u68cb\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u51fb\u8d25\u66fe\u7ecf\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u51a0\u519b\u3002AlphaGo\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u9009\u624b\u7684\u68cb\u5c40\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u800cAlphaZero\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u5bf9\u5f08\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u56f4\u68cb\u9009\u624b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u704c\u8f93\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u56f4\u68cb\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7ee7\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u51fb\u8d25\u6700\u9876\u5c16\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u9009\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57281970\u81f31980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<strong>Richard Sutton<\/strong>\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u548cChristopher Watkins\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<code>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212<\/code>\uff08Adaptive Dynamic Programming\uff09\u548c<code>Q-learning<\/code> \u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u30021990\u81f32000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cChristopher Watkins\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5dee\u5206\u5b66\u4e60\u7684Q-learning\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u30022010\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u548c\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8ba9\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 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