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\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong> \u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f7f\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7b26\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\uff08Alan Turing\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8de8\u8db3\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u5411\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\uff08John McCarthy\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Lisp\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u5de8\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u7ebd\u5384\u5c14\uff08Allen Newell\uff09\u548c\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u897f\u8499\uff08Herbert A. Simon\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u540c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9a6c\u6587\u00b7\u95f5\u65af\u57fa\uff08Marvin Minsky\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u8499\u4e00\u540c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6846\u67b6\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u77e5\u8bc6\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong> \u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u624b\u52a8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u9886\u57df\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1a<\/strong> \u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e9b\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u65f6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u548c\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f80\u5f80\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u80fd\u80dc\u4efb\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u672a\u77e5\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bed\u4e49\u95f4\u9699\uff1a<\/strong> \u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8bed\u4e49\u95f4\u9699\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u6311\u6218\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u96be\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u6355\u6349\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u6f14\u7ece\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1b\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5047\u8bbe\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u6709\u9650\u5408\u7406\u6027\u539f\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b83\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7f3a\u70b9\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4eba\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5de5\u7a0b\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u878d\u5165\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0cProlog \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u8c13\u8bcd\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5185\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u63a8\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u9636\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u63a8\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u8868\u793a\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f16\u7a0b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd8\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u8bed\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8c13\u8bcd\u903b\u8f91\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u91c7\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u4e92\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5c42\u4e0e\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u5c42\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5021\u5bfc\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5177\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ebf\u6027\u6620\u5c04\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6620\u5c04\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u903c\u8fd1\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u51fd\u6570\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u5e03\u62c9\u7279<\/strong>\uff08Frank Rosenblatt 1928\u20131971\uff09:<\/strong> \u4ed6\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u540e\u6765\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u745e\u59c6\u5c14\u54c8\u7279<\/strong>\uff08David Rumelhart 1942\u20132011\uff09:<\/strong> \u4e0eJames McClelland\u7b49\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u5170<\/strong>\uff08James McClelland:\uff09<\/strong> \u4e0eDavid Rumelhart\u7b49\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u300aParallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Hopfield:<\/strong> \u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Hopfield\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6ce2\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geoffrey Hinton\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cHinton\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08CNN\uff09\u548c\u80f6\u56ca\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yann LeCun\uff1a<\/strong> LeCun\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08CNN\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoshua Bengio\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e09\u5de8\u5934\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cBengio\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5faa\u73af\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08RNN\uff09\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u6297\u7f51\u7edc\uff08GAN\uff09\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u65f6\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u8f83\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u8d28\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6620\u5c04\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5ea6\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u62bd\u8c61\uff1a<\/strong> \u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u9010\u5c42\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u70b9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f34\u968f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9ed1\u76d2\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u5dee\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9ed1\u76d2\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u8868\u793a\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u505a\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6570\u636e\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6602\u8d35\u6216\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/strong> \u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u5355\u5143\u6216\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6837\u672c\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u6570\u636e\u566a\u58f0\u8f83\u5927\u6216\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u5bb9\u6613\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u4f46\u5728\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u8f83\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e38\u8bc6\u63a8\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u5e38\u8bc6\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6982\u5ff5\u6f02\u79fb\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u906d\u9047\u6982\u5ff5\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4eba\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5168\u9762\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u9ed1\u76d2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u5dee\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u901a\u8fc7CPU\u548cGPU\u8fdb\u884c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u548c\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u524d\uff0c\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f53\u5916\u5316\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u5fc6\u963b\u5668\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u6307\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08CNN\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> CNN\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u683c\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\uff09\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u5377\u79ef\u6838\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728AlphaGo\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u62d2\u7edd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u5176\u667a\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5f3a\u8c03\u73af\u5883\u9002\u5e94\uff1a<\/strong> \u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6765\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u505a\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7ef4\u7eb3\uff08Norbert Wiener\uff0c1896-1964\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u201cCybernetics\u201d\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u521b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff08Control Science\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B.F. \u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\uff08B.F. Skinner\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5851\u9020\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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